In the English-language “Essay on the History of the USSR”, published in 1960 in Moscow, it is clearly and unequivocally written: “The Russian nation began to crystalize in the 17th century.” The process of this “crystalization” continues. After all, today the philosopher Yevhen Troitsky claims: “The Russian nation, with the Slavs at its head, was always formed on a mixed basis. Even today this tendency is developing and is manifested, in particular, in the increase in the number of inter-ethnic marriages. In other words, a Russian, like an American, an Australian, or a Canadian, is not an ethnic concept, but a state concept. Americans in the name of easy enrichment at the expense of robbed Indians and Creoles from the shores of the Atlantic advanced to the shores of the Pacific Ocean. With the same goal, the Russians advanced to the west and south. By exterminating the Indians, the Americans increased at the expense of immigrants. By conquering other nations, the Russians increased by assimilation and mixing with the population of the conquered countries. The territorial expansion of the empire is promoted as “the collection of Russian lands” and “the mastery of new lands “, as well as “the return of originally Russian lands.” “Collection”, “mastery”, and “return” took place through offensive wars against neighbours to deprive them of their freedom and statehood. Here are the wars that Moscow waged throughout its history:
1471 – 1496 – war against Novgorod,
1499 – campaign to conquer the Trans-Urals,
1500 – 1503 – war against Lithuania,
1512 – war against Poland,
– war against the Kazan Khanate,
1552 – the second war against Kazan,
1556 – war against Astrakhan,
1557 – war against the Crimea,
1558 – 1583 – war for Livonia,
1579 – war against Poland,
1581 – a military expedition to conquer Siberia,
1590 – 1595 – war against Sweden,
1598 – war against Siberian Khan Kuchum,
1600 – a military campaign on the Ob River in Siberia,
1608 – 1618 – war against Poland,
1610 – 1617 – war against Sweden,
1632 – 1634 – war against Poland,
1637 – war against Azov,
1643 – 1652 – war against China,
1654 – 1667 – war against Poland,
1656 – 1661 – war against Sweden,
1668 – 1669 – war against Persia-Iran,
1671 – campaign on Astrakhan,
1676 – 1681 – war against Turkey, Crimea and Moldova,
1687 – war against the Crimea,
1689 – campaign in the Crimea,
1695 – 1697 – expedition to Kamchatka,
1696 – the campaign to conquer Azov,
1700 – 1721 – war against Sweden,
1711 – war against Turkey,
1722 – 1724 – war against Persia-Iran,
1733-1735 – war with Poland,
1735 – 1739 – war against Turkey, Crimea and Moldova,
1741 – war against Poland,
1741 – 1743 – war against Sweden,
– 1762 – war against Germany,
– 1774 – war against Turkey and Moldova,
1792 – war against Poland,
1794 – war against Poland,
1796 – war against Persia-Iran,
1804 – 1813 – war against Persia-Iran,
1805 – 1807 – war against France,
1805 – 1812 – war against Turkey and Moldova,
– a trip to Sakhalin,
1808 – 1809 – war against Sweden,
1812 – 1814 – war against France,
1813 – war against Georgia,
1820 – campaign in Kazakhstan,
1826 – 1828 – war against Persia-Iran,
1828 – 1829 – war against Turkey, Moldova, Wallachia,
1833 – march to Constantinople,
1839 – expedition to Khiva,
1843 – 1859 – war with Chechnya, Dagestan, Cherkessia,
1847 – campaign in Kazakhstan,
1850 – expedition to Kosh Kurgan,
1853 – campaign on the Ak Mosque,
1853 – 1856 – war with Turkey, France, England in the Crimea,
– hike to Kokand,
1850 – 1856 – expedition to Kokand,
1868 – occupation of Samarkand,
1873 – 1875 – expedition to Khiva,
1877 – 1878 – war against Turkey,
1880 – 1881 – a march on Turkmenistan,
1884 – 1885 – campaign in Afghanistan,
1901 – occupation of Manchuria,
1904-1905 – war against Japan,
– 1917 – war against Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey,
1919 – campaign in Ukraine,
– 1921 – war against Poland,
1920 – 1921 – march to the Caucasus and Persia-Iran,
1920 – 1921 – occupation of Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan,
– war against Poland,
1941 – the introduction of troops into Persia-Iran,
1944 – occupation of the Tuvan People’s Republic,
1945 – campaign in Japan,
1956 – a march on Hungary,
1968 –a march on Czechoslovakia,
1979 – 1990 – war in Afghanistan,
1992 – war in Moldova,
1991 – 1994 – the war in South Ossetia, in Abkhazia, i.e. against Georgia,
1994-1995 – war against Chechnya.
1992 – 1995 – war in Tajikistan.
We are no longer talking about the genocide in 1989 in Tbilisi and Vilnius. What is interesting, the Russians scream crazily, when given a chance i.e. when they are beaten on someone else’s territory. They consider all their wars of aggression from the point of view of necessity.
We can note that Moscow also had to wage defensive wars, i.e. “patriotic”. But neither in 1812 nor in 1941-1945 were there “patriotic” wars. O. Suvorov and M. Kutuzov fought until 1812 in Western Europe against France, which was not intending to attack Russia at that time. Napoleon marched on Moscow to put an end to Russian intervention in Europe. Today, everyone knows that Hitler and Stalin started the Second World War with an attack on Poland. On May 15, 1941, Moscow demanded that Bulgaria allow Soviet troops through its territory to Constantinople, which meant not only Moscow’s conquest of the Balkans but also the actual destruction of Germany. This led to the Berlin-Moscow-Tokyo axis being replaced by the Berlin-Rome-Tokyo axis. If you compare the number of those destroyed by the fascists with the number of those destroyed by Bolshevik Moscow, then Hitler’s Germany appears to be a lamb compared to the Moscow wolf.
Before the Crimean War of 1853-1856, the English Lord John Bright proved that each new conquest weakens Russia: it has to spend more and more physically and materially on the army and repressive bodies to maintain the conquered nations and territories, i.e. the Russians, while increasing their state territory do not improve its prosperity, and on the contrary – worsen it.
How the Muscovite Empire grew through wars of aggression can be illustrated by numbers:
at the end of the 13th century – 16,200 square meters. km,
1462 – 600,000 square meters. km,
1505 – 2,250,000 square meters. km,
in the middle of the 16th century. – 12400000 sq. m. km,
1796 – 1,940,000 square meters. km,
1815 – 2,000,000 square meters. km,
1890 – 22224522 square meters. km,
1909 – 22429996 square meters. km,
1937 – 21176187 square meters. km,
1940 – 21572000 square meters. km,
1957 – 22,403,000 square meters. km
After the Second World War, as we can see, the pre-revolutionary volume was almost completely restored.
In 1919-1945, when the Moscow Empire disguised itself as the Soviet Union, the following non-Russian territories and peoples were annexed:
– Azerbaijan – 87,000 square meters. km,
– Georgia – 70,000 square meters. km,
1939 – Western Ukraine and Western Belarus – 206,000 square meters. km,
1940 – Karelia – 46,000 square meters. km,
– Bessarabia and Bukovina – 44,000 square meters. km,
– Latvia – 65,000 square meters. km,
1940 – Lithuania – 55,000 square meters. km,
1940 – Estonia – 47,000 square meters. km,
1944 – Tuva – 70,500 square meters. km,
1945 – Karelia – 12,000 square meters. km,
1945 – Carpathian Ukraine – 14,000 square meters. km,
1945 – Northeast Prussia – 16,029 square meters. km,
1945 – Southern Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands – 36,000 square meters. km
All these square kilometers must be known to combat Moscow’s lies about great Russia, “where people breathe so freely.” After the collapse of the USSR, the territory of Russia together with Chechnya was equal to 170754000 km. sq. We say together with Chechnya, because until 1991 there was a Chechen-Ingush republic, and not all ethnic Chechen lands are included in the current Chechnya.
Therefore, the territory of the Muscovite Empire grew at the expense of the lands of conquered nations. We need to research the history of Russian wars to know on whose lands Russian soldiers built fortresses so that today’s Moscow politicians and radio and television journalists justify wars to preserve the prison of nations. This is also very easy to illustrate.
r. – Perm principality,
1485 – Principality of Tver,
1487 – Kazan principality,
1489 – Principality of Vyatka (now Kirov Oblast),
1503 – Chernihiv principality (beginning of the conquest of Ukraine),
1510 – the city of Pskov,
1514 – the city of Smolensk,
1521 – Ryazan principality,
1521 – the city of Kazan,
1526 – the city of Astrakhan,
1607 – the city of Tula,
1618 – Siberia to the Yenisei River,
1632 – Siberia to the Lena River,
1645 – Siberia to the Sea of Okhotsk,
1654 – Eastern Ukraine,
1680 – Ukrainian Kyiv region,
1695 – 1697 – occupation of Kamchatka and Chukotka,
1696 – the city of Azov,
1721 – Livonia, Estonia, Ingermanland, Karelia,
1723 – Trans-Caspian region and the cities of Baku and Derbent,
1737 – the coast of the Black Sea between the Don and the Bug,
1772 – Belarus (due to the division of Poland),
r. – Crimea, the coast of the Black Sea between the Dnieper and the Bug, the coast of the Caucasus,
– Minsk, Pinsk and part of Western Ukraine (due to the division of Poland),
1795 – Courland, Lithuania with Kovno and Vilna, Polissia, Volhynia (due to the division of Poland),
– 1807 – Ionian Islands (Corfu, Pansos, Leukas, Ithaca and others),
1801 – Mingrelia,
1807 – Danzig, lands above the Netza, New East Prussia,
1809 – Finland and the Alanian Islands,
1812 – Pruto-Dniester confluence,
1813 – Baku (once again),
1815 – Congress Poland, Nowy Schlensk, South-Eastern Prussia,
– Kazakhstan (beginning of occupation),
1820 – Azerbaijan and Armenia (beginning of occupation),
1828 – Persian-Iranian Armenia,
1829 – the mouth of the Danube, the eastern coast of the Black Sea from the mouth of the Kuban, the Caucasus,
1843 – 1859 – Cherkessia, Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan,
1850 r. – Kosh-Kurgan,
1850 – 1853 – South Sakhalin and part of Korea,
1855 – Kuril Islands,
1858 – 1860 – Northern Manchuria on the Amur, Vladivostok,
1865 rub. – Tashkent,
– Samarkand,
1868 – Bukhara,
1876 r. – Kokand,
1878 – Southern Bessarabia, Armenia, Batum for the second time,
– Turkmenistan,
1884 r. – Tajikistan,
1898 – Liao Tung Peninsula and Port Arthur,
r. – Manchuria,
– Turkestan, Bukhara, Khiva,
1920-1921 – Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia,
1922 – Far Eastern Republic and Green Ukraine,
1940 – Karelia, Finnish islands,
1940 – Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania,
1945 – East Karelia and the Petsamo region,
1945 – Southeast Prussia and Königsberg,
1945 – Carpathian Ukraine,
1945 – South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands.
After the collapse of the USSR, Russia occupied the left bank of the Dniester to keep Moldova in its hands and have a bridgehead for an attack on Ukraine from the west. After all, as Ihor Smirnov admitted in a New Year’s interview with “Ostankino”, “Everything that happened and is happening in Transnistria is planned by the President and the State Duma of Russia.” “Ostankino” calls the Tajik-Afghan border “the southern border of Russia.” And now also Chechnya.
As we can see, the nature of Russia has not changed. France, England, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, etc. have lost their colonies, and Russia is doing everything to keep them, shedding the blood of Russian and non-Russian nations.
Banditry is the policy of this last empire. Certainly, until it converges to the Moscow principality of the beginning of the 14th century, there will be no peace and tranquility on earth. This should be known by everyone who values freedom and life – earthly and hereafter.
Vasyl Barladyanu-Byrladnyk
«Державність» № 2 (15) вересень, 1995 р.






